Hp 38g Graphing Calculator Manual de usuario

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DemoHomePowerTo see a demonstration of the HP 38G's features, type DEMO into the edit line in Home. (Press | home | |a...z|D |a...z|E |A...z|M |A

Solving EquationsAn equation contains an equals sign. Its solution is a value for the unkno^vn variable that makes both sides equal the same value.An

Symbolic ViewKeysKey Meanin©{{EDIT}} Copies the highlighted expression to the edit line for editing. Press {{OK}} when done.{{^CHK}}Checks/unchecks th

Solve for the Unknown VariableAssign values to all the variables except one. All of the variables must represent real values.The unknown variable cann

Numeric View KeysKeyMeaning{{EDIT}} Copies the highlighted value to the edit line for editing. Press {{OK}} when done.{{INFO}} Displays a message abo

Plotting the EquationA plot shows you graphically where the solution(s) must be ;» If you defined an expression, then the solution (root) is where the

Interpreting ResultsAfter Solve has returned a solution, press {{INFO}} in the Numeric view for more information. You will see one of the following th

The Root- Finder at WorkYou can watch the process of the root-finder calculating and searching for a root. Immediately after pressing {{SOLVE}} to sta

StatisticsThe Statistics aplet can store up to ten separate data sets at one time. It can do one-variable or two-variable statistical analyses of one

e In Home: You can also compute statistics values in Home and recall the values of specific statistics variables.The values computed in the Statistics

I Select Statistics {{START}}(If necessary, use {CLEAR] to clear two data columns')n1ClC2 C3 C4№449««««««««K«4444444«44{M9»9«9«»»»«««EgmsitHBHn

Menu Keys You can press fuBl to see this screen;menu labelsmenu keysParametricPolarSequenceSolvemmMath Keys« The top-row keys are called menu keys bec

Find the mean advertising time (MEANX), the mean sales (MEANY), and the correlation coefficient (CORK) for the data fitting a straight line. The CORK

Highlight Fill {{SHOW}}Shows the full Fit!425.8?5'H+3?6.25expression. The slope (m) is 425.875. The y-intercept (b) isabout 376.25.Now find the

One-Variable DataPress I LIB I and select Statistics. Press {{START}} orTo enter TVAR dataNUM1,2. Set one-variable {{IVAR»}} statistics. This menu ke

5. Define the data in a set named HI through H5.On the left side, specify which column of data to analyze (Cl through C9, CO). (This specification can

I LIB I Select Statistics {{START}} [CLEAR] B [CLEAR][Tl to clear two data columns, if necessaryMake sure that {{IVARb}} is on for one-variable sta

I PLOT IThe bar includes 4.10 and has a frequency of 1000.Two-Variable DataTo enter 2VAR 1. Press dataand select Statistics. Press {{START}} orNU

5. Define the data in a set named SI through S5.In the left-hand column, specify which column of data (Cl through C9, CO) contains the independent (x)

Numeric View KeysKey Meanine{{EDIT}}Copies the highlighted item into the edit line.{{INS}} Inserts a zero value above the highlighted cell.{{SORT}} S

Symbolic View KeysKeyMeaning{{EDIT}} Copies the column variable (or variable expression) to the edit line for editing. Press {{OK}} when done.{{&apos

To edit a data In the Numeric view of the Statistics aplet, highlight the data set value to change. Type a new value and press | enter

MATH menu. The | math | menu is a comprehensive menu list of math operations that do not appear on the keyboard. It also includes categories for all o

Analyzing the DataFirst enter your data and define which columns of data make up your data set, then compute their statistical values.You compute desc

Fit ModelsReeressionHiMeanineLinear(Default.) Fits the data to a straight line, y = mx+b. Uses a least-squares fit.m*x+bLogarithmicFits to a logarithm

To deflne your own fit1. In Numeric view, make sure 2VAR is set ({{2VARn}}).2. Display the Symbolic view. Highlight the Fit expression (Fitl, etc.

One-Variable Computed Statisticsn2Number of data points.totX Sum of data values (with their frequencies).MEANSMean value of data set.pvarSPopulation v

Two-Variable Computed StatisticsMEANXMean of X- (independent) values.2xSum of x-values.SX2Sum of ^-values.MEANYMean ofy- (dependent) values.SySum ofy-

PlottingYou can plot:® Histograms (IVAR).» Box-and-whisker plots (IVAR).» Scatter plots of data (2VAR). Pressing {{FIT}} draws a curve to fit the data

Plot TypesHistogramBox and Whisker PlotScatter PlotOne-variable statistics. Thenumbers below the plot mean that the current bar (where the cursor is)

Fitting a Curve to 2VAR DataIn the Plot view, press {{FIT}} to turn on {{FIT«}}. This calculates a curve to fit the checked two-variable data set(s).I

Plot SettingsPlot Type (IVAR)HistogramWidthHistogramRangeThe Plot Setup view ( [SETUP-PLOT]) sets most of the same plotting parameters as it does fo

Exploring the PlotThe Plot view has menu keys for zooming, tracing, and coordinate display. There are scaling options under [VIEWS]. These features

Keys for Entry and EditingKeyMeaninePressing |ON| while the calculator is on(CANCEL)cancels the current operation. Pressing first turns the calcul

Calculating Predicted ValuesThe functions PREDX and PREDY will estimate (predict) values for X or Y given a hypothetical value for the other. The esti

6Using MatricesVectorsMatricesMatrixVariablesYou can do matrix calculations in Home (and in programs). The matrix and each row of a matrix appear in b

Creating a 1. Press [MATRIX], inMatrix Catalog Highlight the matrix variable name you want to use and press {{NEW}}. (The dimensions will change aut

To edit a In the Matrix catalog, highlight the matrix name you want andmatrix press {{EDIT}} instead of {{NEW}}.Matrix Catalog KeysKeyMeaninc{{EDIT

To display a matrixIn Home, enter the name of the matrix variable and press I enter!.In the Matrix catalog ( [MATRIX]), highlight the matrixname an

Creating a 1.Matrix in Home2.3.4.and each row with brackets (the shifted [|] and |T| keys).Separate each element and each row with a comma. Example: [

Matrix ArithmeticYou can use the arithmetic functions (+, -, X, /) with matrix arguments. Multiplication and division have different meanings dependin

MultiplyingTwo MatricesMultiplication of two matrices is not commutative. The number of columns of the first matrix must equal the number of rows of t

Solving Systems of Linear EquationsRemember that a system of equations can be represented by a matrix equation :Equation Form Matrix Formax + by + cz

1039^C6,0,6]^EC2,3,4],tl,l..._______________n,0, nifeHiiaTo see the full input expression, first copy it.to the edit line (press 0 0 {{COPY}}), then p

The DisplayTo adjust the contrastSimultaneously press decrease) the contrastand 0 (or0) to increase (orThe Parts of the Displayhistory edit line:

Output Functions return results to the display (and to the variableAns).Results can be displayed with single brackets (for a vector) or dou

Matrix Functions, continuedLQLQ Factorization. Factors mxn matrix into three matrices: { [ [ mXn lowertrapezoidal] ] , [ [ nxn orthogonal] ] ,[ [ mxm

Matrix Functions, continuedSCHURSchur Decomposition. Factors a square matrix into two matrices. If matrix is real, then the result is {[ [orthogonal]

ExamplesFilling You can create and fill a matrix with zeros for the diagonalMatrices elements and ones for the off-diagonal elements using theMAKEMA

Using ListsList VariablesYou can do list operations in Home (and in programs). The elements of a list appear in braces and are separated by commas, su

List Catalog KeysKey Meanina{{EDIT}}Opens the highlighted list for editing.{{SEND}} Transmits the highlighted list to another HP 38G or a disk drive.

To transmit a You can send and receive lists to/from other calculators just list as you can send and receive aplets, programs, matrices, andnotes.Aft

List FunctionsFunctionSyntaxFollowing is a table of list functions. Use them in Home, as well as in programs.You can type in the name of the function,

List Operations, continuedÄUSTCreates a new list composed of the differences between the sequential elements in listl. The new list has one fewer elem

Display ModesYou can set the Home modes in ^ [MODES]. You make your selections using an input form. To fill out an input form, see “Using Input Forms,

Using Lists in You can use a list ncime or the explicit list in an expression Expressions using any of the real-number functions.Press

Finding Statistical Values for List ElementsTo find values such as the mean, median, maximum, and minimum values of the elements in a list, use the St

8ProgrammiiigThis chapter describes how to program using the HP 38G. In this chapter you’ll learn about• Using the Program catalog to create and edit

• Open the Program catalog.• Enter commands with the Math menu, e Create a new program.® Edit a program.® Send and receive a program.® Delete a prog

Before starting to work with programs, you should take a few minutes to become familiar with the Program catalog keys. You can use any of the followin

3. Type your program name, then press {{ok}}.When you press {{OK}}, the Program Editor opens.4. Enter your program. When done, start any other activ

To edit aprogram1. Press [PROGRAM] to open the Program catalog.2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the program you want to edit.3. Press {{EDIT}}.

To send and receive a programYou can send and receive programs to and from another HP 38G or disk drive—^just as you can send and receive aplets, list

To delete aYou can delete any program except Editline,program1.Press {PROGRAM] to open the Program catalog.2,Highlight a program to delete, then pre

To display fractionsSet Fraction mode to display future results as fractions,1. Press [MODES], then press 0 to select number FORMAT.2. Press {{CH

2. A flashing arrow appears in the program at the point where the error occurred.R0N6MM PRDQRftMiRRNDMRT M2j3S4! EDITMRT M2:,4BHSBanaiiThe character

Programmieg CommandsThis section describes the commands for programming with the HP 38G. You can enter these commands in your program by t

Aplet CommandsThese commands control aplets.CHECK Checks (selects) the corresponding function in the current aplet. For example, Check 3 would check F

Branch CommandsA programming structure allows a program to control how it should execute depending on given conditions or the values of p

CASE-END Executes a series of test-ciause commands that execute the appropriate tme-clause sequence of commands. Its syntax is;CASEIF test-clause^ THE

The Drawing commands act on the display. The scale of the display depends on the current aplet's Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, and Ymax values. The following

PIXOFF Turns off the pixel at the specified coordinates (x,y).PIXOFF x;yPIXON Turns on the pixel at the specified coordinates (x,y).PIXON x;yTUNE T

The Graphic commands use the graphics variables G0-G9 as name arguments—or the Page variable from Sketch. Position arguments take the form (x,y). Posi

PLOT-»Stores the Plot view display as a graphic in name. PLOT^ name^PLOTPuts graph from name into the Plot view display. —»PLOT nameREPLACE Replaces

Loop CommandsA programming structure allows a program to control how it should execute depending on given conditions or the values of par

HintWhenever an input form has a list of choices for a field, you can press (T) to cycle through them instead of using {{CHOOS}}.To reset values To re

The Matrix commands use the matrix variables M0-M9 as arguments.Matrix CommandsADDCOL Add Column. Inserts values into a column beforecolumnjiumber

RANDMAT Creates random matrix with number of rows and columns you specify in rows, columns, and stores the result in name (name must be MO . . . M9).

SUBExtracts a subobject—a portion of a list, matrix, or graphic from object and stores it into name. Start and end are each specified using a list wit

You can use the following commands to prompt users for input during your program—or to provide information to users.Prompt CommandsBEE

DISPDisplays textjtem and a value in display linejiumber. A textjtem consists of any number of expressions and quoted strings of text. The expressions

INPUTMSGBOXSuspends program execution, prompt the user with title, label, and help, initializes the command line with default, and saves the resulting

You can also use the NoteText variable to provide text arguments. This can be used to insert line breaks. For example, press [NOTE] and type AREA IS

Stai-One and Stat-Two CommandsAnalysis of one-variable and two-variable statistical data. You can refer to chapter 5 for complete definitions of these

Storing and Retrieving Variables in ProgramsThe HP 38G has both Home variables and aplet variables. Home variables are used for real numbers, complex

To retrieve an aplet variableYou can use this procedure to retrieve either the variable name or the variable value into your program.1. Press [VAR] t

To re-use a Press [ANSWER] (last answer) to put the last result from previous result Home into an expression. Ans is a variable that is updated each

Plot-View VariablesThe following aplet variables are available in Plot View. Not all variables are available in every aplet. SI fit-S5fit, for example

ExtremumFunctionContains the last value found by Extremum operation in the Plot-FCN menu.FastResToggles resolution between plotting in every other col

InvCrossAllApletsToggles between solid crosshairs or inverted crosshairs. (Inverted is useful if background is solid).From Plot Setup, check (or unche

Slmark-SSmarkStatisticsDefines the mark to use for statistics 2-variable scatter plots.From Plot Setup for two-variable statistics, Slmark-SBmark, the

0min/0maxPolarDefines the minimum and maximum independent values. Appears as the 0rng field in the Plot Setup input form.From the Plot Setup input for

XcrossAllApktsDefines the horizontal coordinate of crosshairs. Only works with TRACE off.In a program, type n {{STO^}}XcrossYcrossAll ApletsDefines th

Ymin / YmaxAllApletsDefines the minimum and maximum vertical values of the plot screen. Appears as the YRNG fields (vertical range) in the Plot Setup

Symbolic-View VariablesThe following aplet variables are available in Symbolic View.AngleAll ApletsSets the angle mode.From Symbolic Setup, choose Deg

El ...E9, EO Can contain any equation or expression. Independent variable Solve is selected by highlighting it in Numeric View.Exainple'X+Y*X-2=

Numeric-View VariablesThe following aplet variables are available in Numeric View.C1...C9, COStatisticsCO through C9, and CO for columns of data. Can

To search amenu listTo cancel a menu list® Press @ or 0 to scroll through the list. If you press Q or [^, you’ll go all the way to the end or th

NumindepFunctionParametricPolarSequenceList of independent values used by Build Your Own Table,In a program, typelist {{STO^}}NumIndepNumRowAll Aplets

StatModeToggles mode between 1-variable and 2-variable statistics.StatisticsDoes not appear in the Plot Setup input form. Corresponds to the {{IVAR}}

Menu Maps of the VAR menuHome VariablesComolexZ1...Z9. ZOGraphicG1...G9, GOLibraryFunctionParametricPolarSequenceSolveStatisticsUser-namedListL1...L9,

Parametric VariablesPlotSymbolic Numeric NoteAxes Tstep Angle X6 DigitsNoteTextConnect Xcross XI Y6FormatCoordYcross Y1 X7 NumColGrid Xtick X2 Y7 NumF

Sequence VariablesPlot Symbolic NumericNoteAxes XcrossAngle DigitsNoteTextCoordYcross U1 FormatGridXtick U2 NuinColIndepYtick U3 NumFont SketchInvCros

Statistics VariablesPlotSymbolic NumericStat-OneStat-TwoAxesAngle CO,...C9MaxXCorrConnectSlfitDigitsMeanS CovCoordS2f itFormatMedianFitGridS3fitNumCol

9Reference InformationThis chapter covers the following topics:« Regulatory information* Warranty information ® Service information* Battery informa

Europe DECLARATIONS OF CONFORMITY according to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN 45014Manufacturer’snameHewlett-Packard Australia LimitedManufacturer’s Austral

Limited One-Year WarrantyWhat is The calculator (except for the batteries, or damage caused by theCovered batteries) and calculator accessories are

HEWLETT A 'Hm PACKARDB38Gaplet viewsLI VIEWS NOTE SKETCHaplet library -_____aD-1 1 MODES ASIN ACOS ATAN x-1'll—-fiHome -1 1for entering1 1 A

Sequence ® Sequence function i/in terms of n, or in terms of previousterms in the sequence, such asUn~i and Example: i/i = 0, f/2 = l,and a = +Solve

ServiceEnviron- « Operating temperature : 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F).mental Limits • Storage temperature : -20° to 65°C (-4° to 149°F).» Operating an

Hardware Contact Hewlett-Packard for diagnostic instructions and otherService service information before you send your calculator forrepair.In the U

Warranty on Service. Service is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for 90 days from the date of service.Service Agreements. In the

Batteries To change the batteriesCAUTIONWhen battery power is low, the ((•)) annunciator stays on, even when the calculator is off. There is also a

Resetting the HP 38GTo reset using keystrokesTo reset using the reset holeTo erase all memory and reset defaultsIf the calculator “locks up"

GlossaryapletcommandexpressionfunctionHomeLibrarylistmatrixmenumenu keysA small application, limited to one topic. The built-in aplet types are Functi

noteprogramsketchvariablevectorviewsshow the current meanings.Text that you write in the Notepad or in the Note view for a specific aplet.A reusable s

Selected Status MessagesBad Argument TypeIncorrect input for this operation.Bad Argument ValueThe value is out of range for this operation.Infinite Re

Selected Status Messages, continuedToo Few ArgumentsThe command requires more arguments than you supplied.Undefined NameThe global variable named does

IndexSpecial CharactersTT, 2-16IT (constant), 2-19 ttLIST, 7-5d (derivative), 2-12, 2-17 J (integral), 2-12, 2-17 =£ (logical test), 2-27 A (warning),

[SETUP- SYMB] [SETUP- PLOT] [SETUP-NUM] [VIEWS]Plot-TableI [NOTE]I [SKETCH]Symbolic Setup ( |symb|). Sets parameters for the symbolic expressi

APLET menu key, 2-8 aplet variables, 1-18,2-10 for settings, 2-10 in Plot view, 8-28 new, 2-10 retrieving, 8-27 aplet viewscanceling operations in, 1-

in aplet view, 1-16 root, 4-8with last result, 2-5 calculatorautomatic turn-off feature, 1-2 protective cover, 1-1 repair service, 9-5 support, 94 war

decreasing display, 1-6 increasing display, 1-6 Coord variable, 8-28 coordinate display, 3-13 copyingfrom display, 1-9 programs, 8-8 copying notes, 1-

date and time, 8-22 full number, 1-10 matrices, 6-4 divide, 2-15 D0.,.UNT1L.,.END,8-17 DOIVSTATS, 8-25 D02VSTATS, 8-25 DOT, 6-10 Dot mode, 1-7 dot pro

Extremum variable, 8-29Ff distribution, upper-tail probability, 2-23factorial, 2-23factorial (!), 2-23FastRes variable, 8-29fit, 5-21choosing, 5-14 de

setting min/max values for, 8-29 histogram range, 5-22 histogram variable, 5-7 histogram width, 5-22 histograms, 5-19 adjusting, 5-19 plotting limit,

list keys, 7-2 math functions, 1-3 menu keys, 1-3 Notepad keys, 1-24 Symbolic view, 3-3 keying in letters, 1-2 keysinactive, 1-5 Program catalog, 8-3

MATH menu, 1-4,2-13 structure of, 2-13 math operations, 2-1 enclosing arguments, 2-2 in scientific notation, 2-2 negative numbers in, 2-2 matricesaddi

of list, 7-7name conflict, 9-11 names formal, 2-11 naming aplets, 1-26 programs, 8-3natural exponential, 2-15, 2-20 natural log plus 1, 2-20 NEG. See

pause. See WAIT percent (%). 2-25 PERM, 2-23 permutations, 2-23 Pi, 2-16pi (constant), 2-19 PIXOFF, 8-14 PIXON, 8-14 PLOT, 8-16Function, Polar, Parame

Canceling To cancel an operation within a view, press |on| (theOperations CANCEL key). Pressing CANCEL will cancel pendingoperations, but will not c

POLYROOT, 2-22 POS, 7-5 power, 1-2saving with automatic turn-off, 1-2 power lit, 5-15 power function, 2-16 PRDISPLAY, 8-20 precision numeric, 2-6 pred

redrawingtable of numbers, 3-24 reduced row echelon, 6-11 regression example, 5-4 values, 5-21regression analysis, 5-21 regression fit user-defined, 5

SEQPLOT, 3-18 SeqPiot variable, 8-31 sequencefinding square root, 3-33 sequence aplet, 1-12 Sequence definition, 3-3 sequence example, 3-7, 3-10 seque

Connect, 8-28 Coord, 8-28 FastRes, 8-29 Grid, 8-29 Indep, 8-29 InvCross, 8-30 Labels, 8-30 Recenter, 8-30 Simult, 8-31 Trace, 8-32 Xcross, 8-33 Ycross

Axes, 8-28SWAPROW (swap rows), 8-20computed, 5-16symbolic derivative, 2-12Connect, 8-28symbolic names, 2-11Grid, 8-29symbolic operations, 2-26Hmin/Hma

tracing functions, 3-12 tracing plots, 3-8 transmitting programs, 8-6 transmitting aplets, 1-27 transpose matrix, 6-12 Trigscaling, 3-16 trigonometric

zoom options, 3-14 redrawing table of numbers, 3-24zoom out, 3-14 ZOOM table, 3-24Index-18

Contacting Hewlett-PackardFor information about Using this Product. If you have questions about how to use the product that are not covered in this gu

Aplet ViewsVIEWS NOTE SKETCHILIBlibraryCAPLETFunctionParametricPolarSequenceSolue ▼Е?ша[дздз1иттд1иэдак1ет1н?та1SYMBrun". 1 lun ¿(I'lE-ULIL

5. Trace the plot. Move the crosshairs along the plot by pressing 0] andB-6. Zoom in and zoom out. Press {{MENU}} {{ZOOM}}, highlight In 4X4, and pre

Automatic With this example you have defined a new aplet-an aplet Saving containing data for the solution of y = sin(l/x). The data areautomatically

Storing £uid Recalling VariablesTo store anumberVariables are storage locations for numbers or values. The HP 38G has different categories of variable

“Deleting”VariablesHome andApletVariablesA variable always has a value in it, even if that value is zero. When you store another value into a variable

Note Editing KeysKey Meaning{{SPACE}} Space key for text entry.{{APACE}} Displays previous page of the note.{{PAGET}}Displays next page of the note.{

Sketch KeysKey Meanine{{STO^}}Stores the specified portion of the current sketch to a graphics variable (G1 through GO).{{NEWP}}Adds a new, blank page

To draw a line 1. In Sketch view, press {{DRAW}} and move the cursor to where you want to start the line2. Press {{LINE}}. This turns on line-drawing

HP 38G Graphing Calculator User’s GuideHEWLETT®PACKARDHP Part No. FI 200-90013Printed in Singapore

DRAW KeysKeyMeaning{{DOT-f}},Dot on, dot off. Turns pixels on/off as crosshairs{{DOT-}} move.{{LINE}}Draws a line from the cursor’s starting position

To store into a You can define a portion of a sketch inside a box, and thengraphics store that graphic into a graphics variable.variable1. In the Sk

To write a note 1. In the Notepad, press {{EDIT}} to modify the highlighted in the Notepad note or press {{new}} to start a new note. For a new note,

Managing ApletsOnce you have entered information into an aplet, you have defined a new version of an aplet. The information is automatically saved und

To name an aplet1. Press I LIB I to open the Library. Highlight the aplet to name.2. Press {{SAVE}} and enter a name. Press {{OK}} to confirm it,

Sending and Receiving ApletsA convenient way to distribute or share problems in class and to turn in homework is to transmit (copy) aplets

3. Receiving calculator : Open the Library and press {{RECV}}.* You have two options : another HP 38G or a disk drive (or computer). Highlight your s

Mathematical CalculationsThe most commonly used math operations are on the keyboard. Access to the rest of the math functions is via the MATH menu (pr

Long ResultsNegativeNumbersScientific Notation powers of 10)If the result is too long to fit in the display line, press 0 to highlight it and then pre

ExamplesEnterine...Calculates...[Ml 45 0 [it]sin (45 -r tt)[Ml 45 eg 0 H [it]sin (45) + -IT1 Vx 1 85 01 9yfExQ[W1 B 55 0 9 Q]VS5x9Algebraic Preceden

NoticeThis manual and any examples contained herein are provided “as is” and are subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard Company makes no wa

Complex NumbersComplex The HP 38G can return a complex number as a result forResults some math functions, A complex number appears as anordered pair

Note that pressing | enter] enters (or re-enters) the last input, whereas pressing [ANSWER] copies the last result into the edit line.Continuing a Y

Clearing theDisplayHistoryClearing the Edit LineIt's a good habit to clear the display history ( [CLEAR]) whenever you are done working in Home

The VAR MenuAnother way to retrieve a variable is to use the VAR (variables) menu. The VAR menu contains the Home variables, as well as the aplet vari

Home variables retain their values regardless of context: Home, the aplets, and the editors recognize the Home variables and retain whatever was last

Aplet The variable types in the table below are aplet variables thatVariables you use to define aplet functions and to store some kinds ofaplet data

To access an The {{APLET}} menu key in the VAR menu switches the menu aplet variable ¡¡st to aplet variables. The symbol indicates what is "on&

IndeflniteIntegralsYou can mix formal names and real variables. Evaluating (A*s2) ^ will substitute a number for A but not for s2.If you want to evalu

Composition of You can define a function of another function using the Functions Function aplet (|lib| Function). That is, f(g(xy) can beentered into

To copy a 1. Press | math | to display the MATH menu. The categoriesfunction appear in alphabetical order. Use 0 and 0 to scrollthrough the categori

ContentsGetting StartedStarting Out... 1-1The Keyboard...

KeyboardFunctionsThe most frequently used functions appear on the keyboard. The keyboard functions are the only math functions that do not appear in t

[ATAN]l[J^][^]K’]EUIZ]Arc tangent: tan^'x. Output ranges from -90° to 90°, -Tr/2 to 77/2, or -100 to 100 grads. Inputs and outputs depend on the

CalculusFunctionsYou will find the symbols for the calculus functions derivative and integral in the CHARS menu ( [CHARS]) as well

Complex-NumberFunctionsThese functions are for complex numbers only. You can also use complex numbers with all trigonometric and hyperbolic functions,

ConstantsThe HP 38G has an internal numeric representation for these constants.eNatural logarithm base. Internally represented as 2.71828182846.!I

HyperbolicTrigonometryThe hyperbolic trigonometry functions can also take complex numbers as arguments.ACOSHInverse hyperbolic cosine: cosh&apo

List Functions These functions are for list data stored in list variables. See chapter 7, Using Lists.Loop Functions The loop functions display a resu

PolynomialFunctionsPolynomials are products of constants (coefficients) and variables raised to powers (terms).POLYCOEF Polynomial coefficients. Retur

ProbabilityFunctionsProbability functions are often used in statistical analyses.COMBNumber of combinations (without regard to order) of n things take

Real-NumberFunctionsSome real-number functions can also take complex arguments.CEIUNGSmallest integer greater than, equal to value.CEILING (oa/ue)DEG-

Plotting and Exploring FunctionsDefining a Problem...3-1Select an Aplet...

Real-Number Functions, continuedMAXMINMOD%CHANGE%TOTALRAD^DEGROUNDSIGNTRUNCATEXPONMaximum. The greater of two values.MAX (value!, value2)Minimum. The

Statistics-TwoSymbolicFunctionsThese are functions for use with two-variable statistics. See chapter 5, Statistics.The symbolic functions are used for

Test Functions The test functions are logical operators that always return either a 1 (true') or a 0 (false).< Less than. Returns 1 if true,

TrigonometryFunctionsThe trigonometry functions can also take complex numbers as arguments. For SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, and ATAN, see the Keyboard

Plotting and Exploring FunctionsTypes of Plots Graphing is at the heart of the HP 38G. All of the built-in aplets do graphing. This chapter considers

Select an ApletSelect the aplet appropriate to your problem : Open the Library (|lib|), highlight the name of an aplet, and press {{START}} (or IENTEr

To define the 1. Display the Symbolic view (| symb |). If the highlight is on expression an existing expression, scroll to an empty line—unless youdo

Symbolic View KeysKey Meanine{{EDIT}} Copies the highlighted expression to the edit line for editing. Press {{OK}} when done.{{^CHK}} Checks/unchecks

Evaluating ExpressionsIn Aplets In the Symbolic view, a variable is a symbol only, and doesnot represent one specific value.If a variable contains an

StatisticsExample: Finding a Linear Equation to Fit Data...5-2Entering Statistical Data...

Examples: Defining ExpressionsFunctionExampleDefine - 2x + 3 .Enter this expression as the right side of the equation in the Symbolic view.In the Symb

Polar Example Define r = 2 cos40.In the Symbolic view of the Polar aplet, highlight a line (or clear the lines) and enter the expression.I Select Pola

Undefined If, during plotting, a real value for the expression is not found,Points then that point is not plotted, and no line is connectedthrough i

ParametricExamplePlot the expressions from the previous Parametric example, x(f) = 3 sinSi and y(i) = 2 sin4f .Before plotting, however, reset the def

Sequence Plot the Fibonacci sequence from the previous SequenceExample example, i/, = 1, = 1, and = i/„_, + . In Plot Setup,first set the SEQPLOT

Exploring the PlotPlot view (press [ plot | or [VIEWS]) gives you a selection of menu keys to explore a graph further (for the checkmarked expressio

TracingMany aplets have a Trace mode. Trace mode is on when a plot has just been drawn. When Trace mode is on, the crosshairs cursor follows just the

To turn on e Trace mode and the coordinate display are automatically TRACE mode set when a plot is drawn. At other times, set Trace mode by pressing {

{{ZOOMI}OptionsSelect an option and press {{OK}}.Option MeanineCenter Recenters the plot around the current position of the crosshairs without changin

To use Box The Box Zoom option lets you draw a box around the area Zoom you want to zoom in on.1. If necessary, press {{MENU}} to turn

ProgrammingThe Contents of a Program...8-1Structured Programming...

Other Views for Scaling and Splitting the GraphOther Scales The preset viewing options ( [VIEWS]) draw the plot using certain pre-defined axis scales

Splitting the ScreenOverlayingPlotsThe Split Screen view can give you two simultaneous views of the plot.1. Press [VIEWS] . Select Plot-

Setting Up the Plot (Plot Setup)Press [SETUP-PLOT] to define any of the settings shown inthe next two tables.1. Use the arrow keys to move from fie

Second-Page Those items with space for a checkmark are settings you can turn on or off. Press {{PAGET}} to display the second page.SIMULTIf more tha

To move the cursorTo clear shadingTo change the starting position of the cursor after having selected an operation, press {{MENU}}, move the cursor, a

Examples: Root-Finding with PlotsThese examples of the interactive root-finding operations use the expression f(x) = jc^-1 in the Functi

AREAYou move the cursor to the starting point first, then shade the area.{{MENU}} {{FCN}}Select Area. . . {{OK}} {{OK}} to set starting pointQ 10 time

Using a Table of NumbersDisplay a Table of Numbers (Numeric View)After entering and selecting (checkmarking) the expression in the Symbolic view, pres

Exploring the Table of NumbersZooming{{ZOOM}}OptionsZooming redraws the table of numbers in greater or lesser detail.OptionMeaningInDecreases the in

Splitting the ScreenThe Split Screen view gives you two simultaneous views.1. In the Symbolic view of the appropriate aplet, make sure the function(

Getting StartedRead this chapter first! It will get you started using your HP 38G, from turning it on to running aplets.Starting OutThe Cover The prot

SETUP-NUMScreenField MeaningNUMSTARTWhere to start the independent variable’s first value.NUMSTEPThe size of the increment from one independent variab

To clear data Press [CLEAR] to erase the data from a table.“Build Your Own” KeysKeyMeanine{{EDIT}} Puts the highlighted independent value (X, T, 0,

More ExamplesFunctionExamplePlot the circle, = 13. Rearrange the equation to y = . This must be entered as two expressions,y = ^(l3-x') and y =

FunctionExample,continuedPLOT [SETUP-NUM](Check that the Numeric settings are the defaults—if not, press miClIAR].)NUMVH: 0 FliKJ 3.S0SS51 i8n;iii^

Parametric Plot the two sets of equations below that describe the paths of Example two particles over time. Look at the interval between

ParametricExample,continued{{ZOOM}} Select in {{ok}}asT XI Y1X21.1?5 2.2 -.3 I.REH'IIOl.S2.133333-.2 1.R02113ill:iTIl'iil'l-.10.11.B763

Polar Example Plot the circle, r = 3 (sin^e + cos^0).I Select Polar [SETUP^YMB]Check that Radians is set.ISYMB13 g El M[A 0 miA 0I cos I enter!{{6}}

Sequence Generate a sequence to calculate the square root of 2 usingExample the iterative relationship) X ) = \{Ul, +a), where a = 2.Define this seq

SequenceExample,continued [VIEWS]Select Auto Scale {{OK}}Explore the graph and the values for N and Ul by pressing g and [^.As you trace the graph wi

SolveThe Solve aplet will solve an equation or an expression for its unknown variable. You define an equation or expression in Symbolic view, then sup