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29Understanding Veritas Volume Manager
How VxVM handles storage management
Figure 1-6 VM disk example
Subdisks
A subdisk is a set of contiguous disk blocks. A block is a unit of space on the disk.
VxVM allocates disk space using subdisks. A VM disk can be divided into one or
more subdisks. Each subdisk represents a specific portion of a VM disk, which is
mapped to a specific region of a physical disk.
The default name for a VM disk is diskgroup## and the default name for a
subdisk is diskgroup##-##, where diskgroup is the name of the disk group to
which the disk belongs (see “Disk groups” on page 28).
In Figure 1-7, disk01-01 is the name of the first subdisk on the VM disk named
disk01.
Figure 1-7 Subdisk example
A VM disk can contain multiple subdisks, but subdisks cannot overlap or share
the same portions of a VM disk. Figure 1-8 shows a VM disk with three subdisks.
(The VM disk is assigned to one physical disk.)
devname
VM disk
Physical disk
disk01
Subdisk
VM disk with one subdisk
disk01-01
disk01
disk01-01
- Veritas Volume Manager 5.0 1
- Administrator’s Guide 1
- Legal Notices 2
- Contents 4
- 6 Contents 5
- 7Contents 6
- 8 Contents 7
- Chapter 7 Creating volumes 8
- 10 Contents 9
- 11Contents 10
- 12 Contents 11
- 13Contents 12
- Chapter 14 Administering 13
- Appendix A Commands summary 14
- Glossary 521 15
- Index 531 15
- Understanding Veritas 16
- Volume Manager 16
- VxVM and the operating system 18
- Disk arrays 20
- Multipathed disk arrays 21
- Device discovery 21
- Enclosure-based naming 22
- Virtual objects 25
- Disk groups 27
- VM disks 27
- Subdisks 28
- Volume layouts in VxVM 33
- Layout methods 34
- Concatenation and spanning 34
- Striping (RAID-0) 37
- Mirroring (RAID-1) 41
- RAID-5 (striping with parity) 44
- Left-symmetric layout 47
- RAID-5 logging 49
- Layered volumes 50
- Online relayout 53
- Volume resynchronization 58
- Dirty region logging 59
- Log subdisks and plexes 60
- Sequential DRL 60
- Data volume configuration 61
- Volume snapshots 62
- FastResync 65
- FastResync enhancements 66
- Non-persistent FastResync 66
- Persistent FastResync 67
- DCO volume versioning 67
- Version 0 DCO volume layout 68
- Version 20 DCO volume layout 68
- FastResync limitations 73
- Hot-relocation 74
- Volume sets 74
- Administering disks 76
- Disk device naming in VxVM 77
- 80 Administering disks 79
- Disk devices 79
- Partial device discovery 81
- Disk categories 82
- 84 Administering disks 83
- # swinstall -s /cdrom vrtsda 83
- # vxdctl enable 83
- # swremove vrtsda 83
- Listing excluded disk arrays 85
- SNO length 87
- 90 Administering disks 89
- Adding a disk to VxVM 96
- Reinitializing a disk 100
- Rootability 101
- Root disk mirrors 102
- Booting root volumes 103
- Dynamic LUN expansion 107
- 109Administering disks 108
- Removing disks 109
- Removing a disk with subdisks 110
- Removing and replacing disks 111
- Enabling a disk 116
- Taking a disk offline 117
- Renaming a disk 118
- Reserving disks 118
- Displaying disk information 119
- Controlling Powerfail Timeout 121
- Enabling or disabling PFTO 122
- 124 Administering disks 123
- Administering dynamic 124
- How DMP works 125
- How DMP monitors I/O on paths 127
- Load balancing 128
- ■ active 145
- ■ nomanual 145
- ■ nopreferred 145
- ■ preferred [priority=N] 145
- Displaying the I/O policy 146
- Specifying the I/O policy 146
- ■ adaptive 147
- ■ adaptiveminq 147
- ■ minimumq 149
- ■ priority 149
- ■ round-robin 149
- ■ singleactive 149
- Renaming an enclosure 154
- ■ check_all 159
- ■ check_alternate 159
- ■ check_disabled 159
- ■ check_periodic 159
- Creating and 164
- /dev/vx/dsk/mktdg/mktvol 166
- Creating a disk group 169
- Adding a disk to a disk group 170
- Deporting a disk group 172
- Importing a disk group 173
- Writing a new UDID to a disk 175
- Renaming a disk group 182
- 774226267.1025.tweety 183
- Source disk group 196
- Target disk group 197
- Splitting disk groups 204
- Joining disk groups 205
- Disabling a disk group 206
- Destroying a disk group 207
- Upgrading a disk group 207
- Moving subdisks 216
- Splitting subdisks 216
- Joining subdisks 217
- Associating log subdisks 219
- Removing subdisks 220
- Changing subdisk attributes 220
- Creating a striped plex 223
- Displaying plex information 223
- ACTIVE plex state 224
- CLEAN plex state 224
- DCOSNP plex state 224
- SNAPTMP plex state 226
- STALE plex state 226
- TEMP plex state 226
- TEMPRM plex state 226
- Plex condition flags 227
- Plex kernel states 228
- Taking plexes offline 229
- Detaching plexes 230
- Reattaching plexes 230
- Moving plexes 231
- Copying volumes to plexes 232
- Changing plex attributes 233
- Creating volumes 234
- Types of volume layouts 235
- Creating a volume 237
- Using vxassist 238
- Creating a volume on any disk 242
- 247Creating volumes 246
- 248 Creating volumes 247
- Creating a mirrored volume 248
- 250 Creating volumes 249
- Creating a striped volume 252
- Creating a RAID-5 volume 255
- Creating tagged volumes 256
- Accessing a volume 261
- Administering volumes 262
- Volume states 264
- /CLEAN flag). If the 265
- Specifying task tags 266
- Managing tasks with vxtask 267
- Using the vxtask command 268
- Stopping a volume 269
- Starting a volume 270
- Adding a mirror to a volume 270
- Mirroring all volumes 271
- Removing a mirror 272
- 274 Administering volumes 273
- # vxplex -g mydg dis vol01-02 273
- Disabling and re-enabling DRL 277
- 279Administering volumes 278
- Adding a RAID-5 log 282
- Resizing a volume 283
- Extending to a given length 285
- Extending by a given length 285
- Resizing volumes using vxvol 286
- Setting tags on volumes 287
- Removing a volume 289
- Moving volumes from a VM disk 289
- Disabling FastResync 292
- Performing online relayout 293
- Tagging a relayout operation 297
- 301Administering volumes 300
- 302 Administering volumes 301
- Administering volume 302
- Full-sized instant snapshots 306
- Cascaded snapshots 311
- Creating multiple snapshots 316
- Creating instant snapshots 318
- Removing a snapshot mirror 335
- Removing an instant snapshot 340
- Growing and shrinking a cache 346
- Removing a cache 346
- Reattaching a snapshot volume 351
- Creating a volume set 361
- Configuring off-host 368
- on the volume. The 372
- Implementing decision support 373
- Administering 378
- How hot-relocation works 379
- Spare Disk 381
- # vxdg [-g diskgroup] spare 385
- Make a disk available for 388
- you can choose to 390
- Global detach policy 404
- Local detach policy 405
- Disk group failure policy 406
- Cluster reconfiguration 409
- Reason Description 411
- Volume reconfiguration 412
- ■ cluster ID 413
- ■ node IDs 413
- ■ master node ID 413
- ■ role of the node 413
- Node shutdown 415
- Node abort 416
- Cluster shutdown 416
- Import lock 417
- Failover 417
- Listing shared disk groups 420
- Creating a shared disk group 421
- Site A Site B 431
- Disk Group 431
- Volume V 431
- Command Description 437
- Automatic site reattachment 439
- Recovery from host failure 441
- Recovery from storage failure 441
- Recovery from site failure 442
- Using Storage Expert 444
- How Storage Expert works 445
- Before using Storage Expert 445
- Running Storage Expert 445
- Discovering what a rule does 446
- Running a rule 446
- Rule result types 447
- Setting rule attributes 447
- Recovery time 448
- Disk striping 452
- Hardware failures 453
- System name 453
- 455Using Storage Expert 454
- Rule Attribute Default 457
- Description 457
- 462 Using Storage Expert 461
- Performance monitoring 462
- Striping 463
- Mirroring 463
- Performance guidelines 464
- Volume read policies 465
- Tracing volume operations 467
- Printing volume statistics 467
- Using performance data 468
- Tuning VxVM 471
- Tunable parameters 474
- Commands summary 486
- Table A-2 Administering disks 488
- Table A-6 Creating volumes 497
- Online manual pages 506
- Name Description 507
- Section 4 — file formats 509
- Configuring Veritas 510
- Adding foreign devices 511
- Adding disks to disk groups 511
- Mirroring guidelines 513
- Striping guidelines 514
- RAID-5 guidelines 515
- Hot-relocation guidelines 515
- Configuring cluster support 517
- Reconfiguration tasks 519
- Glossary 520
- /dev/vx/dsk 529
- 532 Index 531
- 533Index 532
- 534 Index 533
- 535Index 534
- 536 Index 535
- 537Index 536
- 538 Index 537
- 539Index 538
- 540 Index 539
- 541Index 540
- 542 Index 541
- 543Index 542
- 544 Index 543
- 545Index 544
- 546 Index 545
- 547Index 546
- 548 Index 547
- 549Index 548
- 550 Index 549
- 551Index 550
- 552 Index 551
- 553Index 552
- 554 Index 553
- 555Index 554
- 556 Index 555
- 557Index 556
- 558 Index 557
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