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The actual differing lines then follow. In the leftmost column, < (left angle bracket) indicates lines
from file1 and > (right angle bracket) indicates lines from file2.
For example, suppose that you want to quickly compare the following meeting rosters in the files
jan15mtg and jan22mtg:
jan22mtgjan15mtg
alicealice
brentcolleen
caroledaniel
colleendavid
danielemily
davidfrank
emilygrace
frankhelmut
gracehoward
helmutjack
jackjane
janejuan
juanlawrence
lawrencerusty
rustysoshanna
soshannasue
suetom
tom
You can use the diff command to compare jan15mtg with jan22mtg as follows:
$ diff jan15mtg jan22mtg
1a2,3
> brent
> carole
9d10
< howard
Here we find that Brent and Carole attended the meeting on January 22, and Howard did not.
We know this because the line number and text output indicate that brent and carole are
additions to file jan22mtg and that howard is a deletion.
In cases where there are no differences between files, the system returns your prompt. For more
information, see the diff(1) reference page either online or in the Open System Services Shell
and Utilities Reference Manual.
Sorting File Contents (sort)
You can sort the contents of text files with the sort command. You can use this command to sort
a single file or multiple files.
Following is the general format of the sort command:
sort filename
Sorting File Contents (sort) 105
- Abstract 1
- Contents 3
- 4 Contents 4
- Contents 5 5
- 6 Contents 6
- Contents 7 7
- 8 Contents 8
- Contents 9 9
- Examples 10
- About This Document 11
- Acknowledgment 12
- Document Organization 13
- Notation Conventions 14
- Notation Conventions 15 15
- Notation for Messages 16
- Related Information 17
- HP Encourages Your Comments 19
- Publishing History 19
- OSS Components 21
- OSS and UNIX 22
- Interoperability 23
- Application Development 23
- OSS Environment 24
- OSS Device Support 24
- OSS Processes 24
- 2 The OSS File System 26
- The OSS File-System Structure 27
- OSS Pathnames 28
- Relative Pathnames 29
- Pathname Length 29
- OSS Filesets 30
- 3 The OSS Shell 31
- Metacharacters 32
- Shell Built-In Commands 33
- /bin/command_name 34
- Command-Entry Aids 35
- Using Pipes and Filters 36
- Grouping Commands 37
- Filename Completion 38
- Aliases 39 39
- Command History 40
- Command-Line Editing 41
- 42 The OSS Shell 42
- The Shell Environment 43
- Environment Variables 45
- Setting Environment Variables 46
- Environment Variables 47 47
- Example .profile File 48
- How the Shell Finds Commands 50
- Shell Procedures 51
- 4 OSS Commands and Utilities 53
- The man Command 54
- The whatis Command 54
- The apropos Command 54
- Command Syntax 55
- Archiving 61
- Displaying Files 61
- Files and Directories 61
- Printing and Formatting 63
- Process Management 63
- Remote Access 64
- Security and Permissions 64
- File Formatting Commands 67
- Two Different File Systems 68
- The /G Directory 69
- The /E Directory 69
- Guardian File Types 70
- Pathname Mapping 72
- Editing Files 74
- Printing and Spooler Commands 75
- Guardian DEFINEs 77
- 6 Running the OSS Shell 85
- The osh Command 86
- Exiting OSS 87
- Managing the OSS Environment 88
- Disk Volume Management 89
- Security 89
- 7 Creating Files 90
- Working With Files 91 91
- 92 Creating Files 92
- 8 Managing Files 93
- The more Command 96
- The cat Command 96
- Printing Files 98
- Copying Files (cp) 100
- Copying Files (cp) 101 101
- Copying an Entire Directory 102
- Renaming Files 103
- Comparing Files (diff) 104
- Sorting File Contents (sort) 105
- Removing Files (rm) 106
- Removing a Single File 107
- Removing Multiple Files 107
- Linking Files (ln) 108
- Using Links 109
- Removing Links 110
- Determining File Type (file) 111
- 112 Managing Files 112
- 9 Managing Directories 113
- Changing Directories (cd) 114
- 116 Managing Directories 116
- Copying Directories (cp) 117
- Renaming Directories (mv) 117
- Removing Directories (rmdir) 118
- Removing Multiple Directories 119
- 120 Managing Directories 120
- Understanding Permissions 121
- Default Permissions 123
- Changing File Permissions 125
- Setting Absolute Permissions 126
- $ chmod a=rw file3 127
- $ ls -l file3 127
- Setting the User Mask 128
- $ umask 037 129
- Changing Owners and Groups 130
- • Safeguard User’s Guide 134
- • Security Management Guide 134
- 11 Managing Processes 135
- Running Foreground Processes 138
- Running Background Processes 138
- Checking Process Status 139
- 140 Managing Processes 140
- The jobs Command 141
- 142 Managing Processes 142
- Scheduling Jobs 143
- 144 Managing Processes 144
- Scheduling Jobs 145 145
- 146 Managing Processes 146
- Using the -i Flag 148
- Finding Files (find) 149
- The pax Utility 151
- $ mkdir newdir 152
- $ pax -rw olddir newdir 152
- $ pax -wv -f /G/tape -b 10b 152
- The ftp Utility 153
- A The vi Editor 155
- 156 The vi Editor 156
- Create a Sample Edit File 157
- Opening a File 157
- Moving Within the File 158
- Entering New Text 158
- Editing Text 159
- Using Advanced Techniques 160
- Searching for Strings 161
- Moving Text 161
- Copying Text 161
- Other vi Features 162
- Making Substitutions 162
- Deleting a Block of Text 164
- Customizing Your Environment 164
- Saving Your Customizations 164
- B The ed Editor 166
- Saving Part of a File 168
- Using the ed (Edit) Command 169
- Using the e (Edit) Subcommand 169
- Using the r (Read) Subcommand 169
- 170 The ed Editor 170
- Finding Text 172
- Removing Characters 174
- Using a Context Search 175
- Deleting the Current Line 176
- Deleting a Specific Line 176
- Deleting Multiple Lines 176
- Changing a Single Line 177
- Changing Multiple Lines 178
- Using Line Numbers 178
- Using System Commands from ed 180
- Ending the ed Program 180
- Finding Product Files 181
- Running vproc 181
- Interpreting vproc Output 182
- Recovery 184
- No action is required 184
- Glossary 191
- 192 Glossary 192
- 194 Glossary 194
- 196 Glossary 196
- 198 Glossary 198
- 200 Glossary 200
- 202 Glossary 202
- 204 Glossary 204
- 206 Index 206
- 208 Index 208
- 210 Index 210
- 212 Index 212
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