
4
The increasing heat loads created by the latest server systems require more aggressive cooling
strategies than the traditional open-area approach. Such strategies include the following:
• Free cooling
• Air containment
• Closed-loop cooling
Figure 3 identifies cooling strategies and implementations based on kilowatts per rack and on the
server density per rack.
Figure 3: Cooling strategies based on server density/power per rack
Free cooling strategies
Free cooling strategies use ambient outside temperature to remove heat from inside a data center.
You can implement free cooling as either a primary or secondary system. Free cooling systems take
advantage of regional climate conditions for more efficient operation, but they do include mechanical
and electrical equipment. Free cooling is generally applied using one of two methods: air-side
economization or water-side economization.
aisle
containment
Density (nodes per rack)
8
Power (kW per rack)
16
40
cooling
Traditional
open-area
cooling
data center
cooling
Chassis/component
level cooling,
future cooling
technologies
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